the author's present era. The opening of the book begins with a detailed exploration of humanity's early migrations into Africa, examining the origins and differentiations of the continent’s major population groups such as the Bushmen, various Negro types, and negroid or mixed peoples like the Fula and Hausa. Johnston discusses anthropological and linguistic evidence to address questions about where these groups came from, how they dispersed, and how they interacted with both earlier and later arrivals (including possible prehistoric Caucasian populations). He describes the impact of environmental factors, interactions with other species, and a succession of external human waves—from ancient Near Eastern populations to Malays in Madagascar. After establishing these ancient and pre-colonial foundations, the narrative shifts towards the earliest historical colonizers, notably the Phoenicians, setting up the chronological march through Africa’s encounters with successive alien races. (This is an automatically generated summary.)